Programming In C (Gujarati) By Jignesh Shah

Chapter 4 ‘C’ FUNCTIONS – USER DEFINED FUNCTION

4-1. Introduction
4-2. Needs/importance/advantages
4-3. Function Definition
(1) First line
(2) Body of the function
4-4. Return statement
4-5. Calling a function
4-6. Function prototyping
(1) No argument, No returntype
(2) No argument, With returntype
(3) With argument, Without returntype
(4) With argument, With returntype
4-7. Passing arguments to a function
(1) Call by value
(2) Call by reference
4-8. Nesting of functions
4-9. Recursion
4-10. Typical Programs
4-11. Macros
Exercises 4

Chapter 5 STORAGE CLASSES

5-1. Introduction
5-2. Types of storage classes
5-3. Automatic variables
5-4. External variable
Difference between external variable definition and declaration
Inherent dangers of external variables
5-5. Static variable
5-6. Register variable
5-7 Multifile Programming
Rules associated with the use of functions in multifile
programming
Variables in multifile programs
How to run multifile programs
Exercises 5

Chapter 6 ARRAY

6-1. Introduction
6-2. What is an array?
6-3. Defining one-dimensional array
6-4. Initializing arrays
6-5. Processing an array
6-6. Passing array to function
6-7. Two-dimensional arrays
6-8. Initializing two-dimensional arrays
6-9. Array and strings
6-10. Declaration and initialization of strings
6-11. How to input strings?
6-12. How to print strings to the screen?
(1) %s
(2) putchar( )
(3) puts( )
6-13. Finding length of a string
6-14. Copying strings
6-15. Comparison of two strings
6-16. Reversing a string
6-17. Concatenating strings
6-18. String handling functions
(1) String length functions
(2) String copy functions
(i) strcpy( )
(ii) strncpy( )

(3) String compare functions
(i) strcmp( )
(ii) strcmpi( )
(4) String reverse functions
(5) String concatenate function
(6) String lower functions
(7) String upper functions
(8) String set function
(9) Bytes swapping function
6-19. Typical programs
Exercises 6

Chapter 7 POINTERS

7-1. Introduction
7-2. What is pointer?
7-3. Declaration and initialization of pointers
(1) char *ch
(2) int *number
(3) float *fptr
7-4. ‘&’ and ‘*’ operators
(1) &
(2) ‘*’
7-5. Pointer and one-dimensional arrays
7-6. Pointer and two-dimensional array
7-7. Dynamic memory allocation
Allocating a block of memory
Freeing the used space
Modifying block size
7-8. Operations on pointers
7-9. Pointer and functions
7-10. Functions returning pointers
Exercises 7

Chapter 8 STRUCTURES AND UNIONS

8-1. Introduction
8-2. Structure declaration
8-3. Dot operator
8-4. How to give values to structure members?
8-5. Structure initialization
8-6. Using unary operators with structures
8-7. Using assignment operator with structure
{1} s>p*N< AT^kcr v[(ra[bln[ b)Ô AT^kcr v[(ra[blmi> assign kr)n[
{2} AT^kcr v[(ra[blni individual membermi> v[Ãy& assign kr)n[
8-8. Array of structures
8-9. Arrays within structures
8-10. Structures within structures – nested structure
8-11. Structures and functions
8-12. Structures and pointers
How pointers to structure variables declare?
How a structure is accessed using its pointer?
8-13. typedef feature of ‘C’
8-14. Unions
8-15. Typical programs
(1) Structure time (2) gettime( ) (3) kbhit( ) (4) delay( )
Exercises 8

Chapter 9 WORKING WITH FILES

9-1. Introduction
9-2. Opening a file
9-3. Closing a data-file
9-4. File input/output functions
(1) putc( ) function
(2) getc( ) function
(3) fputc( ) function
(4) fgetc function

(5) fputs( ) function
(6) fgets( ) function
(7) putw( ) function
(8) getw function
(9) fwrite function
(10) fread function
(11) fprintf function
(12) fscanf function
9-5. Opening a file in append mode
9-6. A program to copy a file
9-7. Error handling during file I/O operation
(1) feof function
(2) ferror function
9-8. Movement of file pointer
(1) fseek function
(2) ftell( ) function
(3) rewind function
Exercises 9

Chapter 10 INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING

10-1. Introduction
10-2. Needs for object oriented programming
(1) Procedural languages
(2) Division into functions
(3) Problems with structured programming
(4) Data undervalued
(5) Relationship to the real world
(6) New data types
10-3. Object Oriented Approach
10-4. Characteristics of OOP language
(1) Classes and objects
(2) Data abstraction and encapsulation
(3) Inheritance
(4) Polymorphism and overloading
(5) Creating new data types
10-5. Something about C++
(1) cout – output operator
(2) cin – input operator
10-6. Examples on C++
Exercises 10

Chapter 11 SPECIAL PROGRAMS

Appendix AFLOWCHART AND ALGORITHM
A-1. Introduction
A-2. Algorithm
A-3. Characteristics
A-4. Flowchart
A-5. Flowchart symbols
A-6. Computer flowcharting symbols
A-7. Arithmetic operators and comparators
A-8. Typical flowcharts
Appendix BBIT OPERATORS
B-1. Introduction
B-2. Bitwise operators
B-3. Bitwise logical operators
(1) Bitwise AND operator
(2) Bitwise OR operator
(3) Bitwise exclusive OR
B-4. Bitwise shift operators
(1) Left shift operator
(2) Right shift operators
B-5. Bitwise complement operator
Appendix CASCII CHARACTER SET TABLE
C-1. Control character set
C-2. Printing character set
C-3. Extended ASCII character set
Appendix DOPERATORS PRECEDENCE TABLE
Appendix ESTANDARD LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
E-1. alloc.h
E-2. conio.h
E-3. ctype.h
E-4. dir.h
E-5. dos.h
E-6. io.h
E-7. graphics.h
E-8. math.h
E-9. stdio.h
E-10. stdlib.h
E-11. String.h
E-12. time.h

Index