Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering By R. Srinivasan

2-10. Water levels of sea during tides and tidal ranges
2-11. Uses of tides
2-12. Effect of tides
2-13. Age or establishment of tide
2-14. Tide prediction
2-15. Wind
2-16. Dynamic effect of wave action
2-17. Modification of sea waves
2-18. Air compression
2-19. Water hammer
2-20. Harbour maintenance / Shore protection works
Questions 2

Chapter 3 PROTECTION FACILITIES : MOUND BREAKWATER

3-1. General
3-2. Classification of breakwaters
3-3. Heap or mound breakwater
3-4. Selection of type of breakwater
Functions of components of mound breakwater
3-5. Details of energy dissipation in mound breakwater
3-6. Characteristics of mound breakwater
3-7. Rubble mound Breakwater
3-8. Concrete block mound breakwater
3-9. Rubble mound breakwater
Supplemented by concrete blocks
3-10. Rubble mound breakwater supplemented by patented stones
3-11. Mound with superstructure or Composite breakwater
Mound construction with top part made solid
3-12. Mound construction
Questions 3

Chapter 4 PROTECTION FACILITIES: WALL TYPE AND SPECIAL BREAKWATERS

4-1. Wall type breakwater
4-2. Types of wall breakwater
4-3. Causes of failure of wall breakwater
4-4. Forces on upright wall breakwater
4-5. Essentials for wall type breakwater
4-6. Typical cross-section of wall breakwater
Alternate cross-section of wall breakwater
4-7. Advantages and disadvantages of wall breakwater
4-8. Method of construction – staging system
4-9. Bonds for wall breakwater
4-10. Wall type breakwater of larger units
4-11. Breakwater height
4-12. Comparison of mound type and wall type breakwaters
4-13. Breakwater failures
4-14. Special breakwaters
Questions 4

CHAPTER 5 PLANNING AND LAYOUT OF PORTS

5-1. General
5-2. Facilities at a port
5-3. Layout of ports
Questions 5

CHAPTER 6 DOCKING FACILITIES

(WET DOCKS, BASINS, LOCK GATES)

6-1. General
6-2. Classification of Docks
6-3. Classification of wet docks
6-4. Advantages and disadvantages of tidal wet docks
6-5. Advantages and disadvantages of enclosed wet docks or
impounded basins
6-6. River ports
6-7. Form and arrangements of basins and docks
6-8. Design and construction of basin or dock walls
6-9. Other aspects of construction details of basin or dock
walls
6-10. Dock entrances
6-11. Sizes of dock entrances
Questions 6

Chapter 7 REPAIRING FACILITIES
(DRY DOCKS, SLIPWAYS, FLOATING DOCKS)

7-1. General
7-2. Classification of repairing facilities
7-3. Graving dry dock
7-4. Facilities to be provided at a graving dry dock
7-5. Method of dry docking
7-6. Size of graving dock
7-7. Forces acting on a graving dock
7-8. Conditions for design of graving dock
7-9. Constructing graving dock
7-10. Floor design of graving dry dock
7-11. Advantages and disadvantages of graving dry dock
7-12. Marine railway dry dock
7-13. Slipways
7-14. Lift dry dock
7-15. Floating type dry dock
7-15-1. Types of floating docks
7-15-2. Design considerations for floating docks
7-15-3. Advantages and disadvantages of floating dock
Questions 7

Chapter 8 APPROACH FACILITIES
(ENTRANCE AND LOCK GATES)

8-1. General
8-2. Direction of an entrance of harbour
8-3. Direction of entrance for river harbours
8-4. Dimensions of entrances
8-5. Types of entrances
8-6. Entrance locks
8-7. Lock foundations
8-8. Dimensions of entrances and locks
8-9. Construction of lock gates
8-10. Types of lock gates
8-11. Forces on the gates
8-12. Shape of gates
8-13. Support for dock gates
8-14. Working of gates
Questions 8

Chapter 9 LOADING UNLOADING FACILITIES
(WALLS, WHARVES, PIERS, DOLPHINS, JETTIES, FENDERS)

9-1. General
9-2. Design of quay walls
9-3. Types of quay walls
9-4. Other details of quay walls
9-5. Wharves
9-6. Piers
9-7. Types of piers
9-8. Additional points for Piers
9-9. Pierheads
9-10. Dolphins
9-11. Jetties
9-12. Differences between wharf and jetty
9-13. Fenders
9-13-1. Basic features of marine fenders
9-13-2. Classification of fenders
9-13-3. Type of fenders
9-14. Slip
9-15. Moles
Questions 9

CHAPTER 10 STORING FACILITIES (APRONS, TRANSIT SHEDS, AND WAREHOUSES)

10-1. General
10-2. Aprons
10-3. Transit sheds
10-4. Design of transit shed
10-5. Warehouses location of warehouse
10-6. Cold storages
10-7. Guard houses
QUESTIONS 10

Chapter 11 DREDGING AND DREDGING EQUIPMENT

11-1. Introduction
11-2. Purpose of dredging
11-3. Application of dredging required areas
11-4. Classification of dredging
11-4-1. Primary dredging or Capital dredging
11-4-2. Secondary dredging or Maintenance dredging
11-5. Objectives of dredging
11-6. Types of dredged materials
11-7. Disposal of the dredged material
11-8. Types of dredging equipment
11-8-1. Mechanical dredgers
11-8-2. Hydraulic dredgers
11-8-3. Specialised types of dredgers
11-9. Choice of dredger
11-10. Execution of dredging work
Questions 11

Chapter 12 GUIDING FACILITIES

12-1. Necessity for guiding facilities
12-2. Fixed and floating light stations
12-3. Lighthouse
12-4. Signals
12-5. Light signals

12-6. Fog signals
12-7. Audible signals
12-8. Moorings
12-9. Mooring accessories
12-10. Off-shore moorings
Questions 12

SECTION II : TUNNEL ENGINEERING

Chapter 13 GENERAL ASPECTS OF TUNNELLING

13-1. General
13-2. Categories of obstacles
13-3. Definitions
13-4. Comparison of bypassing alternatives tunnel, open cut,
bridge and surface road
13-5. Advantages and disadvantages of tunnels and open cuts
13-6. History of tunnels constructed
13-7. Developments in tunnelling methods
13-8. Important years in tunnel construction
13-9. Economics of tunnelling
13-10. Alignment of a tunnel
13-11. Classification of tunnels
13-12. Tunnel approaches
13-13. Shapes of tunnels
13-14. Size of tunnels
13-15. Problems in tunnelling
Questions 13

Chapter 14 STAGES IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION

14-1. Investigations at tunnel site
14-2. Setting out of tunnel
14-3. Methods of getting extra faces to work upon tunnel
14-4. Excavation
14-5. Blasting
14-6. Temporary supports
Temporary supports for steel
14-7. Permanent supports
14-8. Ventilation at the time of construction
14-9. Muck removal
14-10. Supplementary operations
14-11. Miscellaneous
Questions 14

Chapter 15 SHAFTS AND PORTALS

15-1. General
15-2. Advantages of shafts
15-3. Size of shafts
15-4. Location of shafts
15-5. Classification of shafts
15-6. Construction of shafts in rock
15-7. Construction of shaft in soft ground
15-8. Design of shaft supports
15-9. Precautions for shaft sinking work in soft soil
15-10. Protection round the shaft opening
15-11. Portals
15-12. Twin tunnels
QUESTIONS 15

Chapter 16 SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND TUNNELLING
METHODS FOR SOFT SOILS

16-1. Soil classification
16-2. Choice of tunnelling methods in soft soils
16-3. Methods of tunnelling (soft soils)
16-4. Forepoling method
16-5. Needle beam method
16-6. Army method or case method
16-7. American method
16-8. English method
16-9. Belgian method
16-10. German method
16-11. Austrian method
16-12. Timbering in soft soil tunnelling
Questions 16

Chapter 17 OTHER METHODS OF TUNNELLING
(LINER PLATE METHOD)

17-1. Liner plate method
CUT AND COVER TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION METHOD
17-2. Cut and cover tunnel construction method
17-3. Features of cut and cover tunnel construction methods
17-4. Types of cut and cover tunnel construction methods
SHIELD AND TUNNEL BORING MACHINE METHOD
17-5. Tunnelling with shield
17-5-1. Parts of shield
17-5-2. Terms commonly used with shield
17-5-3. Primary lining in shield
17-5-4. General steps of tunnelling with shield
17-5-5. Shield tunnelling in different types of soils
17-5-6. Common equipment with shield
17-5-7. Sequence of tunnelling using the shield
17-5-8. Mechanized shields
17-6. Mechanised tunnel boring machine
17-7. Factors for selection of TBM
17-8. Sequence of mechanised TBM
17-9. Types of mechanised TBM
17-10. Open type TBM for hard rock
17-10-1. Open type TBM without shield
17-10-2. Enlargement tunnel boring machines (ETBM)
17-11. Double shield (open face) tunnel boring machine (DSTBM)
17-12. Closed type single shield TBM for soft soil
17-12-1. Slurry pressure tunnel boring machine (SPTBM)
17-12-2. Earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (EPBM)
17-13. Multi-mode tunnel boring machine (MMTBM)
17-14. Difference between open type TBM and closed type shield TBM
17-15. Difference between single shield TBM and double shield TBM
Questions 17

Chapter 18 TUNNELLING IN WATER BEARING SOILS

18-1. General
18-2. Well points system Procedure to bring down ground water table
18-3. Equipment with Plenum process of tunnelling or compressed
air method
18-4. Use of pipes and conduits in water bearing soils
18-5. Compressors, generators and pumps
18-6. Methods of tunnelling in water bearing soils
Questions 18

Chapter 19 TUNNELLING IN ROCK

19-1. General
19-2. Sequence of operations for tunnelling in rock
19-3. Faces of operation for tunnelling in rock
19-4. Methods of tunnelling in rock
19-5. Mucking
19-6. Mucking in steep grade tunnelling
19-7. Hauling
19-8. Other aspects
19-9. Drill-bits
19-10. Nipper cars
17-11. Explosives
17-12. Safety precautions in rock tunnelling
Questions 19

Chapter 20 NEW AUSTRIAN TUNNELLING METHOD (NATM)
[SEQUENTIAL EXCAVATION METHOD]

20-1. Introduction to NATM
20-2. Objectives of NATM
20-3. Features Based on NATM
20-4. Components and sequence of execution in NATM
20-5. Conclusions
Questions 20

Chapter 21 TUNNEL LINING

21-1. Necessity of lining
21-2. Objects of tunnel lining
21-3. Materials for lining
21-4. Design of thickness of lining
21-5. The sequence of lining a tunnel
Questions 21

Chapter 22 DRAINAGE OF TUNNELS

22-1. General
22-2. Pre-drainage
22-3. Dewatering
22-4. Permanent drainage
QUESTIONS 22

Chapter 23 LIGHTING, VENTILATION AND DUST CONTROL
IN TUNNELS

23-1. Tunnel Lighting
23-1-1. Spacing of lights
23-1-2. Types of tunnel lights
23-2. Ventilation in tunnels
23-2-1. Objects of tunnel ventilation
23-2-2. Requirements of tunnel ventilation
23-2-3. Volume of air required
23-2-4. Methods of ventilation
23-2-5. Equipment required for tunnel ventilation
23-2-6. Permanent ventilation and noise pollution
23-3. Dust control and methods
QUESTIONS 23

Chapter 24 SAFETY IN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION

24-1. General
24-2. Safety precautions in tunnelling
24-3. Health protection in tunnel construction
Questions 24

Index : HARBOUR AND DOCK ENGINEERING

Index : TUNNEL ENGINEERING