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Bridge Engineering By Rangwala

292.50

By Rangwala

17th Edition 2023
ISBN : 9789385039720
Binding : Paperback
Weight : 312 + 16 = 328
Size (mm) : 235 × 14 × 170
Weight : 400 g

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Description

Bridge Engineering is a specialised subject within the discipline of Transportation Engineering, which deals with the concepts of bridge engineering, bridge components, various bridge foundations, various types of bridges, testing, strengthening and maintenance of bridges etc., and much more. In this seventeenth revised and enlarged edition, plenty of new matter and figures have been added as per the latest syllabus of different universities of India moreover the permutation of some of the sporadic matters have been made to collocate the topics in order.

According to new order of chapter sequence, topics of the subject arranged as per following:
Chapter 1 deals with introduction of bridge engineering, importance, history of development of bridges, selection of bridge site, preliminary and final bridge project drawings, choice of bridge types, bridge alignment and many more topics.
Chapter 2 explains bridge components and other parameters such as bridge approaches, requirements of highway bridges, economic span of bridge, afflux, clearance and free board, flood discharge, joints of bridge, river training works, I.R.C. guideline codes etc.
Chapter 3 and 4 discuss in detail various bridge foundations such as spread and pile foundation also caissons and cofferdams respectively.
Chapter 5 gives details about sub-structures such as abutments, piers and wind walls.
Chapter 6 through 10 deal with classification of bridges such as bridges as per material used; position of bridge floor; inter span relations; type of super-structure, etc.
Chapter 11 through 13 deal with low cost bridges such as movable-span bridges, culverts and causeways and timber or temporary bridges.
Chapter 14 discusses the miscellaneous types of bridges.
Chapter 15 elaborates design loads and stresses on bridges.
Chapter 16 elucidates the topics on bridge flooring.
Chapter 17 focuses on bridge bearings.
Chapter 18 discusses construction and erection of bridges.
Chapter 19 deals with testing, strengthening and maintenance of bridges.
Appendix highlights some of the marvellous bridges of the world.
The book is divided into nineteen well-arranged chapters: therein it contains —

* 227 Self-explanatory and neatly drawn sketches;
*  10 Illustrative problems;
*  23 Important useful tables;
* 294 Typical questions at the end of the chapters.

The book should prove to be extremely useful to the Civil Engineering students preparing for the Degree Examinations of all the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate Courses as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E., I.E.S. and other similar competitive and professional examinations. It should also prove of interest to the practising professionals.

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Content

 1 : INTRODUCTION
 2 : BRIDGE COMPONENTS AND OTHER PARAMETERS
 3 : BRIDGE FOUNDATION – I
SPREAD AND PILE FOUNDATION
 4 : BRIDGE FOUNDATION – II
CAISSONS AND COFFERDAMS
 5 : SUB-STRUCTURES
 6 : CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES
 7 : BRIDGES AS PER MATERIAL USED
 8 : BRIDGES AS PER POSITION OF BRIDGE FLOOR
 9 : BRIDGES AS PER INTER SPAN RELATIONS
10 : BRIDGES AS PER TYPE OF q1SUPER-STRUCTURE
11 : MOVABLE-SPAN BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)
12 : CULVERTS AND CAUSEWAYS (LOW COST BRIDGES)
13 : TIMBER OR TEMPORARY BRIDGES
(LOW COST BRIDGES)
14 : MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF BRIDGES
15 : DESIGN LOADS AND STRESSES ON BRIDGES
16 : BRIDGE FLOORING
17 : BRIDGE BEARINGS
18 : CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF BRIDGES
19 : TESTING, STRENGTHENING AND
MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES
APPENDIX: SOME MARVELLOUS BRIDGES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX

Details Content

    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
    1-1. General
    1-2. Importance of bridges
    1-3. History of development of bridge
    (1)Arch bridges
    (2)Suspension bridges
    (3)Simply supported bridges
    (4)Truss and girder bridges
    1-4. Requirements of an ideal bridge
    1-5. Selection of bridge site
    (1)Connection with roads
    (2)Freeboard
    (3)Firm embankments or river banks
    (4)Foundations
    (5)Large tributaries
    (6)Materials and labour
    (7)Minimum obstruction to waterway
    (8)Right-angle (square) crossing
    (9)Scouring and silting
    (10)Straight stretch of river
    (11)Velocity of flow
    (12)Width of river
    1-6. Preliminary data to be collected for bridge project
    1-7. Stages of investigation
    (1)Reconnaissance or technical feasibility stage
    (2)Preliminary or techno-economic feasibility stage
    (3)Detailed survey and project report stage
    1-8. Preliminary and final project drawings
    (1)Catchment area map
    (2)Contour plan
    (3)Cross-sections
    (4)Index map
    (5)Longitudinal section
    (6)Soil profile
    1-9. Identification of bridges
    1-10. Choice of bridge type
    (1)Approaches
    (2)Availability of funds
    (3)Climatic conditions
    (4)Economy in construction
    (5)Foundations
    (6)Navigational requirements
    (7)Specialized firm
    (8)Type of traffic
    1-11. Bridge Alignment
    (1)Alignment on curve
    (2)Control of highest flood level
    (3)Effects of silting and scouring
    (4)Layout of approaches
    (5)River training works
    (6)Skew bridges
    1-12. Bridge architecture
    (1)Construction(5)Lines and edges
    (2)General design(6)Proportioning
    (3)Landscaping(7)Railings
    (4)Light and shade(8)Simplicity
    1-13. Combined road and railway bridges
    (1)Airlock equipment(5)Lighting on road
    (2)Alignment(6)Section
    (3)Foundations(7)Super-structure
    (4)High tensile steel(8)Total length
    1-14. Double-decker bridge
    1-15. Changing Scenario in Design and Construction of bridges
    QUESTIONS 1
    CHAPTER 2 BRIDGE COMPONENTS AND
    OTHER Parameters
    2-1. Components of a bridge
    (1)Sub-structure
    (2)Super-structure
    (3)Adjoining structures
    2-2. Bridge Approaches
    (1)Borrow pits
    (2)Construction
    (3)Cost
    (4)Curvature
    (5)Extension of bridge
    (6)Gradient
    (7)Joint walls
    (8)Maintenance
    (9)Width and length
    2-3. Requirements of highway bridges
    (1)Alignment
    (2)Central verge
    (3)Footpath
    (4)Lighting
    (5)Parapets and handrails
    (6)Roadway width
    (7)Safety kerbs
    (8)Stopping sight distance (SSD)
    2-4. Length of a bridge
    2-5. Grip Length
    2-6. Economic span of a bridge
    (1)Definition
    (2)Assumptions
    (3)Exceptions
    2-7.Number of spans of a bridge
    (1)Alternative proposals
    (2)Foundations for piers
    (3)Odd number of spans
    (4)Span
    2-8. Afflux
    (1)Definition
    (2)Importance
    (3)Height of afflux
    2-9. Clearance and freeboard
    (1)Definition
    (2)Necessity
    (3)Provisions
    2-10. Maximum flood discharge or high flood level (H.F.L.)
    2-10-1. Direct method of calculating the maximum flood discharge
    (1)Measurement of area
    (2)Measurement of velocity of flow
    2-10-2. Indirect method of calculating the maximum flood discharge
    (1)Rational method
    (2)Use of empirical formulae
    2-11.Linear Waterway of a bridge
    2-12. Joints of bridge
    (1)Construction joints
    (2)Expansion and contraction joints
    2-13. Handrails
    (1)Panel slab and post systems
    (2)Post and rail systems
    2-14. River Training works
    (1)Objects
    (2)Methods
    2-15. I.R.C. guide line code
    QUESTIONS 2
      CHAPTER 3 BRIDGE FOUNDATION – I
      SPREAD AND PILE FOUNDATION
      3-1. General
      3-2. Essential requirements of a good foundation
      (1)Location
      (2)Stability
      (3)Settlement
      3-3. General principles of design of bridge foundations
      (1)Bearing capacity of soil
      (2)Frictional resistance
      (3)Scour depth
      3-4. Subsoil exploration
      (1)Test pits(5)Test piles
      (2)Probing(6)Deep boring
      (3)Auger boring(7)Geophysical method
      (4)Wash boring
      3-5. Testing of soil samples
      (1)Plate bearing test
      (2)Standard penetration test (SPT)
      (3)Vane shear test
      3-6. Types of foundations
      3-7. Spread foundations
      3-8. Pile foundations
      3-9. Requirements for pile foundation
      3-10. Types of piles
      3-11. Load bearing piles
      (1)Bearing piles
      (2)Friction piles
      3-12. Materials used in construction of load bearing piles
      3-13. Cast-iron piles
      (1)Advantages of cast-iron piles
      (2)Disadvantages of cast-iron piles
      3-14. Cement concrete piles
      3-14-1. Cast-in-situ concrete piles
      (1)Cased cast-in-situ concrete piles
      (2)Uncased cast-in-situ concrete piles
      3-14-2. Pre-cast concrete piles
      (1)General
      (2)Casting of the pre-cast concrete piles
      (3)Advantages and disadvantages of pre-cast concrete piles
      (4)Underwater repairs of pre-cast concrete piles
      3-15. Sand piles
      3-16. Steel piles
      (1)H-beam piles
      (2)Box piles
      (3)Tube piles
      3-17. Timber piles
      3-18. Wrought-iron piles
      3-19. Non-load bearing piles
      (1)Concrete sheet piles
      (2)Steel sheet piles
      (3)Timber sheet piles
      3-20. Choice of type of pile
      3-21. Composite piles
      3-22. Screw piles
      3-23. Pulling of piles
      (1)Use of double-acting steam hammers
      (2)Use of pile extractors
      (3)Use of tongs
      (4)Use of vibrators
      (5)Use of electricity
      3-24. Loads on piles
      3-25. Causes of failures of piles
      QUESTIONS 3
      CHAPTER 4 BRIDGE FOUNDATION – II
      CAISSONS AND COFFERDAMS
      CAISSONS
      4-1. General
      4-2. Uses of caissons
      4-3. Cofferdam and caisson
      4-4. Materials used for the construction of caissons
      (1)Cast-iron(3)Steel
      (2)Reinforced cement concrete(4)Timber
      4-5. Classification of caissons
      4-6. Box caissons
      (1)Construction of a box caisson
      (2)Conditions favourable for the construction of a box caisson
      (3)Points to be noted in case of a box caisson
      4-7. Wells
      (1)Single wells
      (2)Multiple wells or monoliths
      (3)Cylinders
      4-8. Pneumatic caissons
      4-9. Construction of a pneumatic caisson
      4-10. Pneumatic caisson sickness
      (1)Cause of caisson sickness
      (2)Precautions to be taken to avoid caisson sickness
      4-11. Drilled caissons
      (1)Bell
      (2)Shaft
      (3)Cap
      4-12. Methods of construction of drilled caisson
      (1)Hand excavation method
      (2)Machine drilled caisson
      4-13. Precautions during construction of drilled caisson
      4-14. Loads on caisson
      (1)Vertical loads
      (2)Lateral loads
      (3)Sinking loads
      4-15. Floating of caissons
      (1)Construction of dry dock
      (2)Floating from bank
      (3)Turning of caissons
      (4)Use of compressed air
      4-16. Cutting edges
      (1)Cutting edges with sharp ends
      (2)Cutting edges with blunt ends
      4-17. Factors affecting the choice of a cutting edge
      4-18. Skin friction
      4-19. Sand blowing
      4-20. Methods to facilitate the sinking of caissons
      (1)Air and water jets(3)Loading
      (2)Blasting(4)Sand island
      4-21. Tilting of caissons
      COFFERDAMS
      4-22. General
      4-23. Uses of cofferdams
      4-24. Types of cofferdams
      (1)Dikes
      (2)Single wall cofferdams
      (3)Double wall cofferdams
      (4)Cellular cofferdams
      (5)Rock-filled crib cofferdams
      (6)Concrete cofferdams
      (7)Suspended cofferdams
      4-25. Prevention of leakage in cofferdams
      4-26. Puddle for cofferdam
      4-27. Factors affecting design of a cofferdam
      QUESTIONS 4
        CHAPTER 5 SUB-STRUCTURES
        5-1. General
        5-2. Abutments
        (1)Definition
        (2)Functions
        (3)Types
        (4)Forces acting on an abutment
        (5)Conditions of stability
        (6)Dimensions
        5-3. Piers
        (1)Definition
        (2)Function
        (3)Types
        (4)Forces acting on a pier
        (5)Conditions of stability
        (6)Dimensions
        (7)Location
        (8)Abutment pier
        5-4. Wing walls
        (1)Definition
        (2)Functions
        (3)Types
        (4)Forces acting on a wing wall
        (5)Conditions of stability
        (6)Dimensions
        (7)Precautions
        5-5. Setting out for piers and abutments
        (1)Bench marks
        (2)Positions of reference points
        (3)Principal reference lines
        (4)Replacing original points
        5-6. Materials for sub-structures
        (1)Cement concrete
        (2)Masonry
        (3)Steel
        QUESTIONS 5
        CHAPTER 6 CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGES
        6-1. Classification of bridges
        QUESTIONS 6
        CHAPTER 7 BRIDGES AS PER MATERIAL USED
        7-1. General
        7-2. R.C.C. and pre-stressed cement concrete bridges
        7-3. Brick or stone masonry bridges
        7-4. Steel bridges
        7-5. Timber bridges
        7-6. Composite bridges
        QUESTIONS 7
        CHAPTER 8 BRIDGES AS PER POSITION OF BRIDGE FLOOR
        8-1. General
        8-2. Bridges as per position of bridge floor
        (1)Deck bridges
        (2)Through bridges
        (3)Semi-through bridges
        QUESTIONS 8
        CHAPTER 9 BRIDGES AS PER INTER SPAN RELATIONS
        9-1. General
        9-2. Continuous bridges
        (1)Facilities for erection
        (2)Hard soil
        9-3. Cantilever bridges
        QUESTIONS 9

         

        CHAPTER 10 BRIDGES AS PER TYPE OF SUPER-STRUCTURE
        10-1. General
        10-2. Arch bridges
        (1)General
        (2)Classification of bridge arches
        (3)Advantages of arch bridges
        (4)Disadvantages of arch bridges
        10-3. Bow-string girder type bridges
        (1)R.C.C. bow-string girder bridge
        (2)Steel bow-string girder bridge
        10-4. Rigid frame bridges
        (1)R.C.C. portal frame
        (2)Steel portal frame
        10-5. Suspension bridges
        (1)General
        (2)Classification of suspension bridges
        (3)Types of suspension bridges
        (4)Advantages and disadvantages of suspension bridges
        10-6. Cable-stayed bridges
        10-7. Cable sheath in cable stayed bridge
        (1)Principal function of cable sheath
        (2)Properties required for cable sheath material
        (3)Corrosion protection of cable-stayed bridges
        10-8. Salient features of various cable stayed bridges
        (1)Akashi Kaikyo bridge
        (2)Hooghly cable-stayed bridge
        (3)Haridwar cable-stayed road bridge
        QUESTIONS 10
        CHAPTER 11 MOVABLE-SPAN BRIDGES (LOW COST BRIDGES)
        11-1. Low cost bridges
        11-2. Movable-span super-structures
        11-3. Bascule bridges
        11-4. Cut-boat bridges
        11-5. Flying bridges
        11-6. Lift bridges
        (1)Number of towers
        (2)Construction
        (3)Overhead trusses
        (4)Span
        (5)Wind pressure
        11-7. Swing bridges
        (1)Flooring
        (2)Locking arrangements
        (3)Position of pier
        11-8. Transporter bridges
        11-9. Traversing bridges
        QUESTIONS 11
        CHAPTER 12 CULVERTS AND CAUSEWAYS (LOW COST BRIDGES)
        12-1. Definition
        12-2. Waterway of a culvert
        (1)For catchment area upto 40 hectares
        (2)For catchment area from 40 to 280 hectares
        12-3. Types of culverts
        (1)Arch culverts
        (2)Box culverts
        (3)Pipe culverts
        (4)Slab culverts
        (5)Scuppers
        12-4. Causeways
        (1)Definition(4)Conditions to be satisfied
        (2)Types(5)Data to be collected
        (3)Necessity(6)Design of H.L.C.
        QUESTIONS 12
          CHAPTER 13 TIMBER OR TEMPORARY BRIDGES
          (LOW COST BRIDGES)
          13-1. Definition
          13-2. Materials used
          13-3. Fastenings used
          13-4. Types of timber or temporary bridges
          13-5. Bridges with intermediate supports
          (1)Crates
          (2)Cribs
          (3)Pile bents
          (4)Trestles
          13-6. Bridges without intermediate supports
          (1)Cantilevers
          (2)Suspension bridges
          (3)Trusses
          13-7. Floating bridges
          (1)Boat bridges
          (2)Pontoon bridges
          (3)Raft bridges
          QUESTIONS 13
          CHAPTER 14 MISCELLANEOUS TYPES OF BRIDGES
          14-1. Bridges According to flexibility of super-structure
          (1)Fixed span super-structure
          (2)Movable span super-structure
          14-2. Bridges According to the alignment
          14-3. Bridges According to level of crossing of highways and railways
          (1)Over bridge
          (2)Under bridge
          14-4. Bridges According to method of connections adopted for different parts of super structure
          (1)Pinned connection bridge
          (2)Riveted connection bridge
          (3)Welded connection bridge
          14-5. Bridges According to the function of a bridge
          (1)Aqueduct bridge (canal over a river)
          (2)Viaduct (road or railway over a valley or river)
          (3)Pedestrian bridge
          (4)Highway bridge
          (5)Railway bridge
          (6)Road-cum-rail or pipe line bridge
          14-6. Bridges according to the degree of redundancy
          (1)Determinate bridge
          (2)Indeterminate bridge
          14-7. Bridges according to the loading
          QUESTIONS 14
          CHAPTER 15 DESIGN LOADS AND STRESSES ON BRIDGES
          15-1. General
          15-2. Buoyancy pressure
          15-3. Centrifugal forces
          (1)Road bridges
          (2)Railway bridges
          15-4. Dead load
          (1)Unwin’s formula
          (2)American formula for plate girders
          (3)American formula for trusses
          (4)R.C.C. arches
          (5)R.C.C. slab bridges upto 6 m span
          (6)R.C.C. slab and T beam bridges
          15-5. Deformation stresses
          15-6. Earth pressure
          15-7. Erection stresses
          15-8. Impact load
          (1)For road bridges
          (2)For railway bridges 
          15-9. Live load
          (1)For road bridges
          (2)For railway bridges
          15-10. Longitudinal forces
          (1)For road bridges
          (2)For railway bridges
          15-11. Secondary stresses
          (1)In case of R.C.C. structures
          (2)In case of steel structures
          15-12. Seismic load
          15-13. Temperature variation forces
          (1)Concrete structures
          (2)Metal structures
          (3)Temperature variation
          15-14. Water pressure
          15-15. Wind load
          (1)For road bridges
          (2)For railway bridges
          15-16. Design of bridge foundations
          15-17. Forces acting on different components of a bridge
          (1)Forces acting on foundation
          (2)Forces acting on abutments
          (3)Forces acting on piers
          (4)Forces acting on wing walls
          (5)Forces acting on super-structures
          QUESTIONS 15
          CHAPTER 16 BRIDGE FLOORING
          16-1. General
          16-2. Factors affecting the choice of Flooring material
          16-3. Requirements of a good flooring material
          16-4. Types of floors
          (1)Open floors
          (2)Solid floors
          16-5. Flooring materials
          (1)Jack arch
          (2)Mild steel buckle plates
          (3)Mild steel plates
          (4)Mild steel troughs
          (5)Reinforced cement concrete
          (6)Timber
          16-6. Drainage of floors
          QUESTIONS 16
          CHAPTER 17 BRIDGE BEARINGS
          17-1. Definition
          17-2. Purposes or functions of bearings
          17-3. Importance of bearings
          17-4. Free and fixed bearings
          17-5. Types of bearings
          (1)Cement mortar pad
          (2)Expansion bearing
          (3)Knuckle bearing
          (4)Rocker and roller bearing
          (5)Rocker bearing
          (6)Rubber bearing
          (7)Neoprene bearing pads
          (8)Sliding bearing
          (9)Sole plate on curved bed plate bearing
          (10)Tar paper bearing
          (11)Pin bearing
          (12)Pot bearing
          (13)Laminated elastomeric bearing
          17-6. Materials for bearings
          17-7. Bed blocks
          17-8. Maintenance of bearings
          QUESTIONS 17
            CHAPTER 18 CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF BRIDGES
            18-1. General
            (1)Centering
            (2)Field forces
            (3)Machinery
            (4)Measurement of span
            (5)Selection of method
            18-2. Erection of steel girders
            (1)Building out from supports
            (2)Floating
            (3)Lifting
            (4)Rolling
            (5)Staging
            18-3. Erection of steel truss bridges
            (1)First stage
            (2)Second stage
            (3)Third stage
            (4)Fourth stage
            18-4. Erection of suspension bridges
            (1)Erection of towers
            (2)Erection of suspenders
            (3)Erection of catwalks
            (4)Erection of stiffening trusses
            (5)Erection of flooring system
            18-5. Construction of pre-stressed concrete super-structure
            18-6. Erection of R.C.C. and pre-stressed girder bridges
            (1)Cast-in-situ construction on staging
            (2)Segmental cantilever construction using cast-in-situ or precast segments
            (3)Span by span method
            (4)Incremental launching method
            (5)Movable form system or movable scaffold system
            18-7. Formwork for arch bridges
            (1)Good features
            (2)Types
            QUESTIONS 18 
            CHAPTER 19 TESTING, STRENGTHENING AND
            MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGES
            19-1. General
            19-2. Deterioration of bridges
            19-3. Bridge Failures
            19-4. Defects of bridges and their rectification
            (1)Cracks in concrete
            (2)Corrosion of structural steel work
            (3)Other defects of bridge
            19-5. Inspection of bridges
            (1)Detailed inspection
            (2)Routine inspection
            19-6. Posting of bridges
            (1)Load limit postings
            (2)Speed postings
            19-7. Rating of existing bridges
            (1)Magnetic particle detector
            (2)Radiographic equipment
            (3)Ultrasonic testing equipment
            19-8. Rebuilding of bridges
            (1)Damage
            (2)Excessive maintenance cost
            (3)Obsolescence
            (4)Weathering
            19-9. Testing and strengthening of bridges
            (1)Correlation method
            (2)Load testing
            (3)Theoretical method
            19-10. Maintenance of the bridges

            QUESTIONS 19

             

            Appendix : SOME MARVELLOUS BRIDGES
            Bibliography
            Index

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